![]() Generalizing from that sense, we define markup, or (synonymously) encoding, as any means of making explicit an interpretation of a text. As the formatting and printing of texts was automated, the term was extended to cover all sorts of special codes inserted into electronic texts to govern formatting, printing, or other processing. Examples include wavy underlining to indicate boldface, special symbols for passages to be omitted or printed in a particular font, and so forth. Historically, the word markup has been used to describe annotation or other marks within a text intended to instruct a compositor or typist how a particular passage should be printed or laid out. Strictly speaking, XML is a metalanguage, that is, a language used to describe other languages, in this case, markup languages. More detailed technical accounts of TEI practice in this respect are provided in chapters 23 Using the TEI, 1 The TEI Infrastructure, and 22 Documentation Elements of these Guidelines. In the present chapter we informally introduce some of its basic concepts and attempt to explain to the reader encountering them for the first time how and why they are used in the TEI scheme. It is now also the interchange and communication format used by many applications on the World Wide Web. XML is widely used for the definition of device-independent, system-independent methods of storing and processing texts in electronic form. ![]() ![]() ![]() The encoding scheme defined by these Guidelines is formulated as an application of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) ( Bray et al. ![]()
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